See lobby on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gun lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobbier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobby card"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobby correspondent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobby fodder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobby group"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobbyism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobbyist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "on lobby terms"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "լոբբի",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: լոբբի (lobbi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: լոբբի (lobbi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ロビー",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "robī"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: ロビー (robī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: ロビー (robī)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "로비",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 로비 (robi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 로비 (robi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "лоби",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: лоби (lobi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: лоби (lobi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lóbi",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: lóbi, lobby (unadapted spelling)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: lóbi, lobby (unadapted spelling)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ло́бби",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ло́бби (lóbbi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ло́бби (lóbbi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "лоби",
"bor": "1",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cyrillic script: лоби",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cyrillic script: лоби"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "lobi",
"bor": "1",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin script: lobi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin script: lobi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "lobi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: lobi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: lobi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: lobby"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*lobie"
},
"expansion": "Old French *lobie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "lobium"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin lobium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*laubijā",
"t": "arbour, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēaf",
"3": "",
"4": "foliage"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēaf (“foliage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lodge",
"3": "loggia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lodge and loggia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French *lobie, from Medieval Latin lobium, lobia, laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”), borrowed from Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”).\nRelated to Old English lēaf (“foliage”). More at leaf. Doublet of lodge and loggia.\nPolitical sense derives from the entrance hall of legislatures, where people traditionally tried to influence legislators because it was the most convenient place to meet them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lobby (plural lobbies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 1 9 9 8 8 2 22 21 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 3 8 8 7 16 3 22 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 12 10 10 12 4 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 4 13 9 10 10 4 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 2 9 8 8 16 3 23 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 13 9 9 12 4 20 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 9 10 8 14 4 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 14 9 10 13 5 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 4 10 10 9 12 3 22 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 4 9 9 9 12 7 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 14 12 7 12 3 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 4 13 9 9 13 4 21 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 3 9 10 8 11 3 24 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 4 14 9 9 11 4 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 10 12 10 12 3 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 11 9 10 14 8 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 14 9 10 11 4 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 1 7 7 4 18 1 23 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 3 16 8 10 12 4 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 4 13 10 9 12 4 21 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 11 7 6 6 1 21 25 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 2 6 7 6 7 2 17 21 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rooms",
"orig": "en:Rooms",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I had to wait in the lobby for hours before seeing the doctor.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An entryway or reception area; vestibule; passageway; corridor."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-en:Q31948",
"links": [
[
"entryway",
"entryway"
],
[
"reception",
"reception"
],
[
"vestibule",
"vestibule"
],
[
"passageway",
"passageway"
],
[
"corridor",
"corridor"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q31948"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q31948"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That part of a hall of legislation not appropriated to the official use of the assembly."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-wFXQaKfP",
"links": [
[
"assembly",
"assembly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "en:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 12 10 10 12 4 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 4 13 9 10 10 4 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 13 9 9 12 4 20 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 14 9 10 13 5 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 14 12 7 12 3 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 4 13 9 9 13 4 21 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 4 14 9 9 11 4 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 10 12 10 12 3 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 11 9 10 14 8 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 14 9 10 11 4 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 3 16 8 10 12 4 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 4 13 10 9 12 4 21 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 11 7 6 6 1 21 25 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The influence of the tobacco lobby has decreased considerably in the US.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials; collectively, lobbyists."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-PI6bJHSf",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"interest",
"interest"
],
[
"influence",
"influence"
],
[
"public official",
"public official"
],
[
"lobbyists",
"lobbyists"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) A class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials; collectively, lobbyists."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "lobbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "լոբբի"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бі"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́би"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "遊說集團"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yóushuì jítuán",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "游说集团"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shdula",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "שְׁדֻלָּה"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לוֹבִּי"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "lobbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "robī",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "ロビー"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"alt": "あつりょくだんたい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "atsuryoku dantai",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "圧力団体"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "robi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "로비"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"alt": "壓力團體",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "amnyeokdanche",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "압력단체"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́би"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lóbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lóbbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бби"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "лоби"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 88 1 1 1 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grupo de presión"
},
{
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{
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{
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{
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"Media",
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{
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[
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[
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[
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "19 3 13 9 9 12 4 20 10",
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{
"_dis": "18 3 9 10 8 14 4 22 12",
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{
"_dis": "15 3 14 9 10 13 5 19 13",
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{
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{
"_dis": "19 4 9 9 9 12 7 19 12",
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{
"_dis": "18 3 14 12 7 12 3 15 16",
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{
"_dis": "17 4 13 9 9 13 4 21 10",
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{
"_dis": "21 3 9 10 8 11 3 24 11",
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{
"_dis": "18 4 14 9 9 11 4 19 13",
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{
"_dis": "19 3 10 12 10 12 3 19 12",
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{
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[
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[
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[
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"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "15 3 14 9 9 12 5 19 13",
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"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
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"_dis": "17 4 13 10 9 12 4 21 10",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "18 3 12 10 10 12 4 19 11",
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "17 4 13 9 10 10 4 17 15",
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{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "19 3 13 9 9 12 4 20 10",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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}
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[
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{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
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{
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"tags": [
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"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.i/",
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}
],
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{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "radha",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
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],
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},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "naxasrah",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "նախասրահ"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kalidór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "калідо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vjestybjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестыбю́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "fajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фае́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeradpakój",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "перадпако́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "preddvérie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "преддве́рие"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "foajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фоайе́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "avantsala"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "門廳"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "méntīng",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "门厅"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiūxishì",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "休息室"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "大廳"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dàtīng",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "大厅"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "předsíň"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "vestiblo"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "ett",
"lang": "Etruscan",
"roman": "atrium",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌌"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "aula"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "halli"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "eteinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "eteisaula"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestibule"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hall"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "intrata"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "poie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "ფოიე"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorraum"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorhalle"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לוֹבִּי"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anddyri"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "forstofa"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forsalur"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fordyri"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "forbyrgi"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forhalla"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "robī",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "ロビー"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"alt": "きゅうそくじょ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyūsokujo",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "休息所"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "robi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "로비"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"alt": "休憩所",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hyugeso",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "휴게소"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "predvórie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предво́рие"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prédvorje",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пре́дворје"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "foajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фоаје́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "roro"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "dehliz, dihliz",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "دهلیز"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sarsarâ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "سرسرا"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gank"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "korytarz"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "westybul"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hol"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hall"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przedpokój"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sień"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przedsionek"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "saguão"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "átrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koridór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коридо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vestibjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестибю́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fojé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фойе́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xoll",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "холл"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prixóžaja",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прихо́жая"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"Logudorese",
"masculine"
],
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eadar-sheòmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "for-sheòmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "predsieň"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "recibidor"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zaguán"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "es",
"english": "Southern Cone",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "palier"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "dalan"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "korydór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коридо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vestybjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестибю́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "fojjé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фойє́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "xol",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хол"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "peredpókij",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "передпо́кій"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "hành lang"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "phòng chờ"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "phòng đợi"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "tiền sảnh"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 7 5 5 2 41",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "đại sảnh"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lobby"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*lobie"
},
"expansion": "Old French *lobie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "lobium"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin lobium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*laubijā",
"t": "arbour, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēaf",
"3": "",
"4": "foliage"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēaf (“foliage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lodge",
"3": "loggia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lodge and loggia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French *lobie, from Medieval Latin lobium, lobia, laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”), borrowed from Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”).\nRelated to Old English lēaf (“foliage”). More at leaf. Doublet of lodge and loggia.\nPolitical sense derives from the entrance hall of legislatures, where people traditionally tried to influence legislators because it was the most convenient place to meet them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbied",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lobby (third-person singular simple present lobbies, present participle lobbying, simple past and past participle lobbied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 3 12 10 10 12 4 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 4 13 9 10 10 4 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 9 10 8 14 4 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 14 9 10 13 5 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 4 10 10 9 12 3 22 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 4 9 9 9 12 7 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 14 12 7 12 3 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 4 13 9 9 13 4 21 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 3 9 10 8 11 3 24 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 4 14 9 9 11 4 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 10 12 10 12 3 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 11 9 10 14 8 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 14 9 10 11 4 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 1 7 7 4 18 1 23 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 3 16 8 10 12 4 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 4 13 10 9 12 4 21 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lobby out"
},
{
"word": "lobby up"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "For years, pro-life groups have continued to lobby hard for restrictions on abortion.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "2002, Jim Hightower, in Wikiquote\nThe corporations don't have to lobby the government anymore. They are the government."
},
{
"ref": "2011 Allen Gregory, \"Pilot\" (season 1, episode 1)",
"text": "Allen Gregory DeLongpre: Yeah, it's not a big deal. I lobbied for fuel-cell technology on Capitol Hill. I'm friends with Sandy Bullock, really good friends. Who cares? It's not a pissing contest, right, J?"
},
{
"ref": "2013 August 10, Schumpeter, “Cronies and capitols”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:",
"text": "Policing the relationship between government and business in a free society is difficult. Businesspeople have every right to lobby governments, and civil servants to take jobs in the private sector.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024 January 24, Dyan Perry talks to Nick Brodrick, “The industry has given me so much”, in RAIL, number 1001, page 45:",
"text": "\"We're still at only 80% [of pre-pandemic passenger numbers], but it's great news that Southeastern put some more trains in the timetable from December,\" Perry explains. \"We worked very closely with Southeastern to lobby government and stakeholders to increase the timetable.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-verb-Fg19ubQq",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, transitive) To attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "lobbying"
},
{
"word": "lobbyist"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "labíravacʹ",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лабі́раваць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lobíram",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "лоби́рам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "遊說"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yóushuì",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "游说"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbye"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fari premon"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "faire pression sur"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "lobireba",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "ლობირება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbyieren"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbizik"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fare pressioni su"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "esercitare influenza su"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fare manovre di corridoio"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lobbować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fazer lobby"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lobbírovatʹ",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобби́ровать"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "coitich"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "pruvari a cummìnciri"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "nzìstiri"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "mprisiari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "èssiri mprisiusu"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lobirati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "cabildear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "recabar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "hacer lobbying"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lobíruvaty",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобі́рувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lobijuvaty",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобіювати"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "vận động hành lang"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.i/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lobby"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Shortened from lobscouse.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "lobby (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Midlands English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 1 9 9 8 8 2 22 21 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 11 7 6 6 1 21 25 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 2 6 7 6 7 2 17 21 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rooms",
"orig": "en:Rooms",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My mam cooked us lobby for tea last night.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobscouse"
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-0wjRMPPd",
"links": [
[
"lobscouse",
"lobscouse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Midlands) lobscouse"
],
"tags": [
"West-Midlands",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.i/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lobby"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English lobby",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lobbies"
},
"expansion": "lobby m (plural lobbies)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Rooms",
"orig": "fr:Rooms",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (hall)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-fr-noun-saNJZaXu",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Rooms",
"orig": "fr:Rooms",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (advocacy group)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-fr-noun-NYJ5O02j",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "groupe de pression"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɔ.bi/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "#"
},
"expansion": "lobby f (invariable)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lòb‧by"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lobbista"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (group of people; hall of a bank)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-it-noun-TAlbpBvO",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"invariable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.bi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "VL.",
"4": "frk",
"5": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "lodżia",
"3": "loggia",
"4": "loża"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lodżia, loggia, and loża",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby. Doublet of lodżia, loggia, and loża.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"indecl": "yes"
},
"expansion": "lobby n (indeclinable)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lob‧by"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "pl:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "pl:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lobbistyczny"
},
{
"word": "lobbystyczny"
},
{
"word": "lobbing"
},
{
"word": "lobbista"
},
{
"word": "lobbysta"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lobbować"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (group of people who try to lobby)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-pl-noun-Wk54Xq26",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) lobby (group of people who try to lobby)"
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.bɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.bi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbbɘ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lobbies"
},
"expansion": "lobby m (plural lobbies)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "lóbi"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
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},
{
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of lóbi"
],
"id": "en-lobby-pt-noun-rTokLbVg",
"links": [
[
"lóbi",
"lóbi#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɔ.βi]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lobby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lobby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "lobby n (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "lobbyelor",
"gpi": "lobbye",
"gsd": "lobbyului",
"gsi": "lobby",
"n": "sg",
"npd": "lobbyele",
"npi": "lobbye",
"nsd": "lobbyul",
"nsi": "lobby",
"vp": "lobbyelor",
"vs": "lobbyule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 3 3 3 3 1 8 10 3 0 0 12 13 11 19 2 3 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 0 3 3 3 3 0 10 11 3 0 0 10 11 9 16 2 4 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby"
],
"id": "en-lobby-ro-noun-S13Adue5",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lonja"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lonja",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby. Doublet of lonja.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lobbies"
},
"expansion": "lobby m (plural lobbies)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobista"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "es:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (group of people who try to influence public officials)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-es-noun-W8jj9YP-",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grupo de presión"
},
{
"word": "grupo de cabildeo"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (entryway or reception area)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-es-noun-5CE2xpo4",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vestíbulo"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlobi/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlo.β̞i]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-obi"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobi"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Spanish Academy",
"Twitter",
"es:grupo de presión",
"es:vestíbulo"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hotellobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobbygrupp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobbying"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobbyism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobbyist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobbykampanj"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobbyorganisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vapenlobby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English lobby",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lobby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbys",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyerna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyernas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lobby c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "lobby c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"3": "lobbye"
},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-r"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a lobby (entryway or reception area)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-sv-noun-IGCwkY7f",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sv",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "sv:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a lobby"
],
"id": "en-lobby-sv-noun--TCwZVK2",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) a lobby"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (cut off)",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Etruscan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Gallurese translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Sassarese translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Rooms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gun lobby"
},
{
"word": "lobbier"
},
{
"word": "lobby card"
},
{
"word": "lobby correspondent"
},
{
"word": "lobby fodder"
},
{
"word": "lobby group"
},
{
"word": "lobbyism"
},
{
"word": "lobbyist"
},
{
"word": "on lobby terms"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "լոբբի",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: լոբբի (lobbi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: լոբբի (lobbi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ロビー",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "robī"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: ロビー (robī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: ロビー (robī)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "로비",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 로비 (robi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 로비 (robi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "лоби",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: лоби (lobi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: лоби (lobi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lóbi",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: lóbi, lobby (unadapted spelling)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: lóbi, lobby (unadapted spelling)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ло́бби",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ло́бби (lóbbi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ло́бби (lóbbi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "лоби",
"bor": "1",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cyrillic script: лоби",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cyrillic script: лоби"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "lobi",
"bor": "1",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin script: lobi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin script: lobi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "lobi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: lobi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: lobi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: lobby"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*lobie"
},
"expansion": "Old French *lobie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "lobium"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin lobium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*laubijā",
"t": "arbour, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēaf",
"3": "",
"4": "foliage"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēaf (“foliage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lodge",
"3": "loggia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lodge and loggia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French *lobie, from Medieval Latin lobium, lobia, laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”), borrowed from Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”).\nRelated to Old English lēaf (“foliage”). More at leaf. Doublet of lodge and loggia.\nPolitical sense derives from the entrance hall of legislatures, where people traditionally tried to influence legislators because it was the most convenient place to meet them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lobby (plural lobbies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I had to wait in the lobby for hours before seeing the doctor.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An entryway or reception area; vestibule; passageway; corridor."
],
"links": [
[
"entryway",
"entryway"
],
[
"reception",
"reception"
],
[
"vestibule",
"vestibule"
],
[
"passageway",
"passageway"
],
[
"corridor",
"corridor"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q31948"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q31948"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That part of a hall of legislation not appropriated to the official use of the assembly."
],
"links": [
[
"assembly",
"assembly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Politics"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The influence of the tobacco lobby has decreased considerably in the US.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials; collectively, lobbyists."
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"interest",
"interest"
],
[
"influence",
"influence"
],
[
"public official",
"public official"
],
[
"lobbyists",
"lobbyists"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) A class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials; collectively, lobbyists."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Video games"
],
"glosses": [
"A virtual area where players can chat and find opponents for a game."
],
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
],
[
"virtual",
"virtual"
],
[
"player",
"player"
],
[
"chat",
"chat"
],
[
"opponent",
"opponent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(video games) A virtual area where players can chat and find opponents for a game."
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"cabin",
"cabin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A confined place for cattle, formed by hedges, trees, or other fencing, near the farmyard."
],
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"farmyard",
"farmyard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A margin along either side of the playing field in the sport of kabaddi."
],
"links": [
[
"margin",
"margin"
],
[
"playing field",
"playing field"
],
[
"kabaddi",
"kabaddi"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Charles R. \"Butch\" Farabee Jr., Death, Daring, and Disaster (page 135)",
"text": "Ranger Leslie Thompson, assigned to elevator duty, brought the elevator to the surface about 12:30 to bring down the tourists who were in the lobby of the elevator tower at that time."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A waiting area in front of a bank of elevators."
],
"links": [
[
"bank",
"bank"
],
[
"elevators",
"elevator"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.i/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "radha",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رَدْهَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "naxasrah",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "նախասրահ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kalidór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "калідо́р"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vjestybjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестыбю́ль"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "fajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фае́"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeradpakój",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "перадпако́й"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "preddvérie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "преддве́рие"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "foajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фоайе́"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbul"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "avantsala"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "門廳"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "méntīng",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "门厅"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiūxishì",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "休息室"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "大廳"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dàtīng",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "大厅"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "předsíň"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "vestiblo"
},
{
"code": "ett",
"lang": "Etruscan",
"roman": "atrium",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌌"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "aula"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "halli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "eteinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "eteisaula"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestibule"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hall"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "intrata"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "poie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "ფოიე"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lobby"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Foyer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorraum"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorhalle"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לוֹבִּי"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anddyri"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "forstofa"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forsalur"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fordyri"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "forbyrgi"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forhalla"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atrio"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "robī",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "ロビー"
},
{
"alt": "きゅうそくじょ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyūsokujo",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "休息所"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "robi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "로비"
},
{
"alt": "休憩所",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hyugeso",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "휴게소"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "predvórie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предво́рие"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prédvorje",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пре́дворје"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "foajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фоаје́"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "roro"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "dehliz, dihliz",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "دهلیز"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sarsarâ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "سرسرا"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gank"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "korytarz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "westybul"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hol"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hall"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przedpokój"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sień"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przedsionek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "saguão"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbulo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "átrio"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koridór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коридо́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vestibjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестибю́ль"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fojé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фойе́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xoll",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "холл"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prixóžaja",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прихо́жая"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"Logudorese",
"masculine"
],
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eadar-sheòmar"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "for-sheòmar"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "predsieň"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbulo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "recibidor"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zaguán"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atrio"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "Southern Cone",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "palier"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "dalan"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "korydór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коридо́р"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vestybjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестибю́ль"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "fojjé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фойє́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "xol",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хол"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "peredpókij",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "передпо́кій"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "hành lang"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "phòng chờ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "phòng đợi"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "tiền sảnh"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "đại sảnh"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "lobbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "լոբբի"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бі"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́би"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "遊說集團"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yóushuì jítuán",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "游说集团"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lobby"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shdula",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "שְׁדֻלָּה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לוֹבִּי"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "lobbi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "robī",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "ロビー"
},
{
"alt": "あつりょくだんたい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "atsuryoku dantai",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "圧力団体"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "robi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "로비"
},
{
"alt": "壓力團體",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "amnyeokdanche",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "압력단체"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́би"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lóbi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lóbbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бби"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "лоби"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grupo de presión"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grupo de cabildeo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grupo cabildero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "camarilla"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бі"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lobby"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (cut off)",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Etruscan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Gallurese translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Sassarese translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Rooms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lobby out"
},
{
"word": "lobby up"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*lobie"
},
"expansion": "Old French *lobie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "lobium"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin lobium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"t": "arbour, shelter"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēaf",
"3": "",
"4": "foliage"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lodge",
"3": "loggia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lodge and loggia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French *lobie, from Medieval Latin lobium, lobia, laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”), borrowed from Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”).\nRelated to Old English lēaf (“foliage”). More at leaf. Doublet of lodge and loggia.\nPolitical sense derives from the entrance hall of legislatures, where people traditionally tried to influence legislators because it was the most convenient place to meet them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
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"past"
]
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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},
{
"word": "lobbyist"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "For years, pro-life groups have continued to lobby hard for restrictions on abortion.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "2002, Jim Hightower, in Wikiquote\nThe corporations don't have to lobby the government anymore. They are the government."
},
{
"ref": "2011 Allen Gregory, \"Pilot\" (season 1, episode 1)",
"text": "Allen Gregory DeLongpre: Yeah, it's not a big deal. I lobbied for fuel-cell technology on Capitol Hill. I'm friends with Sandy Bullock, really good friends. Who cares? It's not a pissing contest, right, J?"
},
{
"ref": "2013 August 10, Schumpeter, “Cronies and capitols”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:",
"text": "Policing the relationship between government and business in a free society is difficult. Businesspeople have every right to lobby governments, and civil servants to take jobs in the private sector.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024 January 24, Dyan Perry talks to Nick Brodrick, “The industry has given me so much”, in RAIL, number 1001, page 45:",
"text": "\"We're still at only 80% [of pre-pandemic passenger numbers], but it's great news that Southeastern put some more trains in the timetable from December,\" Perry explains. \"We worked very closely with Southeastern to lobby government and stakeholders to increase the timetable.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, transitive) To attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.i/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "labíravacʹ",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лабі́раваць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lobíram",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "лоби́рам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "遊說"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yóushuì",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "游说"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbye"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fari premon"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "faire pression sur"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "lobireba",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "ლობირება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbyieren"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbizik"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fare pressioni su"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "esercitare influenza su"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fare manovre di corridoio"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lobbować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fazer lobby"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lobbírovatʹ",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобби́ровать"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "coitich"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "pruvari a cummìnciri"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "nzìstiri"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "mprisiari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "èssiri mprisiusu"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lobirati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "cabildear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "recabar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "hacer lobbying"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lobíruvaty",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобі́рувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lobijuvaty",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобіювати"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "vận động hành lang"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lobby"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"Rhymes:English/ɒbi/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Rooms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Shortened from lobscouse.",
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{
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},
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"West Midlands English"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My mam cooked us lobby for tea last night.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobscouse"
],
"links": [
[
"lobscouse",
"lobscouse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Midlands) lobscouse"
],
"tags": [
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}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
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{
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{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
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{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.i/",
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}
],
"wikipedia": [
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"word": "lobby"
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{
"categories": [
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"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
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"3": "lobby"
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"name": "bor+"
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],
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{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"glosses": [
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},
{
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "groupe de pression"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/lɔ.bi/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav.mp3",
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],
"word": "lobby"
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],
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],
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"3": "lobby"
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "#"
},
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"name": "it-noun"
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],
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],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian indeclinable nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
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"Italian terms spelled with Y",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
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"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"Rhymes:Italian/ɔbbi/2 syllables"
],
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],
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"tags": [
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"invariable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.bi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lobbistyczny"
},
{
"word": "lobbystyczny"
},
{
"word": "lobbing"
},
{
"word": "lobbista"
},
{
"word": "lobbysta"
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{
"tags": [
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],
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"4": "frk",
"5": "gmw-pro"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "lodżia",
"3": "loggia",
"4": "loża"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lodżia, loggia, and loża",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby. Doublet of lodżia, loggia, and loża.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"indecl": "yes"
},
"expansion": "lobby n (indeclinable)",
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"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
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"Polish terms derived from Old French",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish unadapted borrowings from English",
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"Rhymes:Polish/ɔbbi/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔbbɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔbbɘ/2 syllables",
"pl:Collectives",
"pl:Politics"
],
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],
"links": [
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"politics"
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[
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],
"tags": [
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"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.bɘ/"
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{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.bi/"
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{
"rhymes": "-ɔbbɘ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
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{
"args": {
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "lobbies"
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],
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"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "lóbi"
}
],
"categories": [
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"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from English",
"Portuguese terms derived from English",
"Portuguese terms spelled with Y",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese unadapted borrowings from English"
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
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"lóbi#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɔ.βi]",
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]
}
],
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],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
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{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "lobby",
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},
{
"form": "lobby",
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"indefinite"
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},
{
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"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
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"vocative"
]
}
],
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],
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"npd": "lobbyele",
"npi": "lobbye",
"nsd": "lobbyul",
"nsi": "lobby",
"vp": "lobbyelor",
"vs": "lobbyule"
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}
],
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"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from English",
"Romanian terms derived from English",
"Romanian terms spelled with Y",
"Romanian unadapted borrowings from English",
"Romanian uncountable nouns"
],
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],
"tags": [
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"uncountable"
]
}
],
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{
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"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
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"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from English",
"Spanish terms derived from English",
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"Spanish unadapted borrowings from English",
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"3": "lobby"
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{
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"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby. Doublet of lonja.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lobbies"
},
"expansion": "lobby m (plural lobbies)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "lobista"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lobby (group of people who try to influence public officials)"
],
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grupo de presión"
},
{
"word": "grupo de cabildeo"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lobby (entryway or reception area)"
],
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vestíbulo"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlobi/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlo.β̞i]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-obi"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lobi"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Spanish Academy",
"Twitter",
"es:grupo de presión",
"es:vestíbulo"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms borrowed from English",
"Swedish terms derived from English"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hotellobby"
},
{
"word": "lobbygrupp"
},
{
"word": "lobbying"
},
{
"word": "lobbyism"
},
{
"word": "lobbyist"
},
{
"word": "lobbykampanj"
},
{
"word": "lobbyorganisation"
},
{
"word": "vapenlobby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English lobby",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lobby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbys",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyerna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyernas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lobby c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "lobby c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"3": "lobbye"
},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-r"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a lobby (entryway or reception area)"
],
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sv:Politics"
],
"glosses": [
"a lobby"
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) a lobby"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lobby meaning in All languages combined (48.7kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive-dative'",
"path": [
"lobby"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "lobby",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.