See lobby on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gun lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobbier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobby card"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobby correspondent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobby fodder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Lobbygate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobby group"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobbyism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobbyist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobbylike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobbyman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "on lobby terms"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sky lobby"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lobbi",
"word": "լոբբի"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Lobby"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "robī",
"word": "ロビー"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "robi",
"word": "로비"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lobi",
"word": "лоби"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lóbi"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"unadapted spelling"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lóbbi",
"word": "ло́бби"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "лоби"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobi"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*lewbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_cut_off"
],
[
"*laubą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laubą#Proto-Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*laub",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laub#Proto-West_Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*-jô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-jô#Proto-Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-jō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-jō#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*laubijā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laubijā"
],
[
"laubia",
"laubia#Latin"
],
[
"lobia",
"lobia#Latin"
],
[
"lobium",
"lobium#Latin"
],
[
"laubia",
"laubia#Latin"
],
[
"*laubijā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laubijā"
],
[
"lēaf",
"leaf#Old_English"
],
[
"leaf",
"leaf#English"
],
[
"leaf",
"leaf#English"
],
[
"lodge",
"lodge#English"
],
[
"loggia",
"loggia#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la-med:laubia",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobby\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut off\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laubą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laub\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*laubijā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"laubia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"lobby\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "lobia"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin lobia",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*laubijā",
"t": "arbour, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēaf",
"t": "foliage"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēaf (“foliage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leaf",
"3": "lodge",
"4": "loggia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of leaf, lodge, and loggia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobby\nFrom Medieval Latin lobia, lobium, laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”), borrowed from Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”), related to Old English lēaf (“foliage”). More at leaf. Doublet of leaf, lodge, and loggia.\nPolitical sense derives from the entrance hall of legislatures, where people traditionally tried to influence legislators because it was the most convenient place to meet them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lobby (plural lobbies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 3 7 7 7 7 18 3 19 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 5 8 8 7 11 15 4 17 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 5 9 9 7 9 13 4 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 5 8 8 7 9 16 4 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 5 9 9 7 9 15 4 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 8 11 16 4 11 8 4 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 5 10 10 7 11 16 4 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 8 9 8 9 13 4 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 9 11 6 10 11 6 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 11 8 6 10 13 4 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 2 4 4 3 4 19 1 23 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 5 14 8 7 8 14 4 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 9 9 7 9 16 4 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 9 9 6 10 11 6 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"text": "I had to wait in the lobby for hours before seeing the doctor.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An entryway or reception area; vestibule; passageway; corridor."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-en:Q31948",
"links": [
[
"entryway",
"entryway"
],
[
"reception",
"reception"
],
[
"vestibule",
"vestibule"
],
[
"passageway",
"passageway"
],
[
"corridor",
"corridor"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q31948"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q31948"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That part of a hall of legislation not appropriated to the official use of the assembly."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-wFXQaKfP",
"links": [
[
"assembly",
"assembly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "en:Politics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 8 11 16 4 11 8 4 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 11 8 6 10 13 4 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 5 14 8 7 8 14 4 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 11 8 6 6 7 2 18 22 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonym: special interest"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
34
]
],
"text": "The influence of the tobacco lobby has decreased considerably in the US.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials; collectively, lobbyists."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-PI6bJHSf",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"interest",
"interest"
],
[
"influence",
"influence"
],
[
"public official",
"public official"
],
[
"lobbyists",
"lobbyists"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) A class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials; collectively, lobbyists."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "special interest"
}
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "lobbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "լոբբի"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бі"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́би"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yóushuì jítuán",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "遊說集團 /游说集团"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "lobbarilauma"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "shdula",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "שְׁדֻלָּה"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לוֹבִּי"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "lobbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "robī",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "ロビー"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"alt": "あつりょくだんたい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "atsuryoku dantai",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "圧力団体"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "robi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "로비"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"alt": "壓力團體",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "amnyeokdanche",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "압력단체"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́би"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lóbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "lóbbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бби"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "лоби"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "loby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grupo de presión"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grupo de cabildeo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grupo cabildero"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "camarilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 80 10 2 1 1 2 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бі"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 4 11 19 6 8 11 3 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 4 11 19 6 8 12 3 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 10 18 5 10 9 4 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 8 11 16 4 11 8 4 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 5 10 10 7 11 16 4 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 10 19 6 8 10 3 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 9 11 6 10 11 6 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 9 19 6 9 10 3 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 10 19 6 8 11 3 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 4 11 19 6 8 11 3 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 10 19 6 8 11 3 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 10 19 6 8 11 3 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 10 19 6 8 11 3 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A virtual area where meeting attendees can await admittance from an authorized person."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-zxEeLrtK",
"links": [
[
"virtual",
"virtual"
],
[
"meeting",
"meeting"
],
[
"attendee",
"attendee"
],
[
"admittance",
"admittance"
],
[
"authorized",
"authorized"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(videoconferencing) A virtual area where meeting attendees can await admittance from an authorized person."
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Video games",
"orig": "en:Video games",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A virtual area where players can chat and find opponents for a game."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-BIobqgQT",
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
],
[
"virtual",
"virtual"
],
[
"player",
"player"
],
[
"chat",
"chat"
],
[
"opponent",
"opponent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(video games) A virtual area where players can chat and find opponents for a game."
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 5 8 8 7 11 15 4 17 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 8 11 16 4 11 8 4 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 5 10 10 7 11 16 4 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 11 8 6 10 13 4 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 9 9 6 10 11 6 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-D04XD~iu",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"cabin",
"cabin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 3 8 9 6 8 27 5 16 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 3 7 7 7 7 18 3 19 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 6 7 5 5 25 2 13 8 7 1 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 5 8 8 7 11 15 4 17 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 5 9 9 7 9 13 4 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 5 8 8 7 9 16 4 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 5 9 9 7 9 15 4 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 5 10 10 7 11 16 4 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 8 9 8 9 13 4 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 9 11 6 10 11 6 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 11 8 6 10 13 4 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 2 4 4 3 4 19 1 23 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 5 14 8 7 8 14 4 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 9 9 7 9 16 4 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 9 9 6 10 11 6 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonyms: cowyard, paddock"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A confined place for cattle, formed by hedges, trees, or other fencing, near the farmyard."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-RqNb-xIl",
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"farmyard",
"farmyard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cowyard"
},
{
"word": "paddock"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A margin along either side of the playing field in the sport of kabaddi."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-OeP~asWr",
"links": [
[
"margin",
"margin"
],
[
"playing field",
"playing field"
],
[
"kabaddi",
"kabaddi"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 3 9 10 8 11 11 6 22 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 2 8 8 6 9 9 3 19 17 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 3 7 7 7 7 18 3 19 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 5 6 7 7 6 9 3 18 8 1 1 9 1 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 6 7 7 7 9 3 19 8 1 1 10 1 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 9 10 7 11 12 4 17 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 10 9 7 9 13 4 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 5 8 8 7 11 15 4 17 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 9 9 8 9 13 4 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 6 7 6 8 16 2 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 5 9 9 8 9 13 5 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 5 9 9 8 9 13 4 20 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 9 9 8 9 13 4 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Etruscan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 5 9 9 7 9 13 4 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 5 8 8 7 9 16 4 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 9 9 8 9 13 4 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gallurese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 5 9 9 7 9 15 4 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 9 9 8 9 13 4 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 8 11 16 4 11 8 4 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 9 9 8 9 13 4 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 5 10 10 7 11 16 4 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 5 9 9 8 9 13 4 20 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 8 9 8 9 13 4 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 9 9 8 9 13 4 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 9 11 6 10 11 6 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 5 8 9 8 9 13 4 20 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 11 8 6 10 13 4 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 5 9 9 7 12 13 4 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 2 4 4 3 4 19 1 23 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 5 14 8 7 8 14 4 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 5 9 9 8 9 13 4 20 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 9 9 8 9 13 4 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 9 9 8 9 13 4 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sassarese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 9 9 7 9 16 4 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 9 9 6 10 11 6 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 4 7 9 8 8 12 5 22 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 5 10 9 7 9 13 4 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 11 8 6 6 7 2 18 22 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Charles R. \"Butch\" Farabee Jr., Death, Daring, and Disaster (page 135)",
"text": "Ranger Leslie Thompson, assigned to elevator duty, brought the elevator to the surface about 12:30 to bring down the tourists who were in the lobby of the elevator tower at that time."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A waiting area in front of a bank of elevators."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-1X7-pW3w",
"links": [
[
"bank",
"bank"
],
[
"elevators",
"elevator"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑ.bi/",
"note": "of Canada",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"note": "of the US",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.i/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "radha",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رَدْهَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "naxasrah",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "նախասրահ"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "kalidór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "калідо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "vjestybjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестыбю́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "fajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фае́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pjeradpakój",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "перадпако́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "preddvérie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "преддве́рие"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "foajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фоайе́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vestibjul",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестибюл"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbul"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "avantsala"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "méntīng",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "門廳 /门厅"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "xiūxishì",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "休息室"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "dàtīng",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "大廳 /大厅"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "předsíň"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "vestiblo"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "ett",
"lang": "Etruscan",
"lang_code": "ett",
"roman": "atrium",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌌"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "aula"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "halli"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "eteinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "eteisaula"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestibule"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hall"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"lang_code": "sdn",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"lang_code": "sdn",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "intrata"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "poie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "ფოიე"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorraum"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorhalle"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לוֹבִּי"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anddyri"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "forstofa"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forsalur"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fordyri"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "forbyrgi"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forhalla"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "robī",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "ロビー"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"alt": "きゅうそくじょ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kyūsokujo",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "休息所"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "robi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "로비"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"alt": "休憩所",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "hyugeso",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "휴게소"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "predvórie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предво́рие"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "prédvorje",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пре́дворје"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "foajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фоаје́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "roro"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "sarsarâ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "سرسرا"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gank"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "korytarz"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "westybul"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hol"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hall"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przedpokój"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sień"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przedsionek"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "saguão"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "átrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "koridór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коридо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vestibjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестибю́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "fojjé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фойе́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "xoll",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "холл"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "prixóžaja",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прихо́жая"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"Logudorese",
"masculine"
],
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"lang_code": "sdc",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eadar-sheòmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "for-sheòmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "predsieň"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "loby"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "recibidor"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zaguán"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "es",
"english": "Southern Cone",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translation": "Southern Cone",
"word": "palier"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "dalan"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "dehliz, dihliz",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "دهلیز"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "korydór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коридо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vestybjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестибю́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "fojjé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фойє́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "xol",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хол"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "peredpókij",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "передпо́кій"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "hành lang"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "phòng chờ"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "phòng đợi"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "tiền sảnh"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 3 6 5 4 6 1 38",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "đại sảnh"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobbyen"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*lewbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_cut_off"
],
[
"*laubą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laubą#Proto-Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*laub",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laub#Proto-West_Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*-jô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-jô#Proto-Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-jō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-jō#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*laubijā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laubijā"
],
[
"laubia",
"laubia#Latin"
],
[
"lobia",
"lobia#Latin"
],
[
"lobium",
"lobium#Latin"
],
[
"laubia",
"laubia#Latin"
],
[
"*laubijā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laubijā"
],
[
"lēaf",
"leaf#Old_English"
],
[
"leaf",
"leaf#English"
],
[
"leaf",
"leaf#English"
],
[
"lodge",
"lodge#English"
],
[
"loggia",
"loggia#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la-med:laubia",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobby\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut off\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laubą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laub\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*laubijā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"laubia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"lobby\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "lobia"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin lobia",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*laubijā",
"t": "arbour, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēaf",
"t": "foliage"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēaf (“foliage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leaf",
"3": "lodge",
"4": "loggia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of leaf, lodge, and loggia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobby\nFrom Medieval Latin lobia, lobium, laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”), borrowed from Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”), related to Old English lēaf (“foliage”). More at leaf. Doublet of leaf, lodge, and loggia.\nPolitical sense derives from the entrance hall of legislatures, where people traditionally tried to influence legislators because it was the most convenient place to meet them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbied",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lobby (third-person singular simple present lobbies, present participle lobbying, simple past and past participle lobbied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 5 8 8 7 11 15 4 17 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 5 9 9 7 9 13 4 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 5 8 8 7 9 16 4 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 5 9 9 7 9 15 4 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 8 11 16 4 11 8 4 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 8 9 8 9 13 4 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 9 11 6 10 11 6 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 11 8 6 10 13 4 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 2 4 4 3 4 19 1 23 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 5 14 8 7 8 14 4 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 9 9 7 9 16 4 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 9 9 6 10 11 6 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lobby out"
},
{
"word": "lobby up"
},
{
"word": "nonlobbying"
},
{
"word": "unlobbied"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
50
]
],
"text": "For years, pro-life groups have continued to lobby hard for restrictions on abortion.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "2002, Jim Hightower, in Wikiquote\nThe corporations don't have to lobby the government anymore. They are the government."
},
{
"ref": "2011 Allen Gregory, \"Pilot\" (season 1, episode 1)",
"text": "Allen Gregory DeLongpre: Yeah, it's not a big deal. I lobbied for fuel-cell technology on Capitol Hill. I'm friends with Sandy Bullock, really good friends. Who cares? It's not a pissing contest, right, J?"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
125,
130
]
],
"ref": "2013 August 10, Schumpeter, “Cronies and capitols”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:",
"text": "Policing the relationship between government and business in a free society is difficult. Businesspeople have every right to lobby governments, and civil servants to take jobs in the private sector.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
215,
220
]
],
"ref": "2024 January 24, Dyan Perry talks to Nick Brodrick, “The industry has given me so much”, in RAIL, number 1001, page 45:",
"text": "\"We're still at only 80% [of pre-pandemic passenger numbers], but it's great news that Southeastern put some more trains in the timetable from December,\" Perry explains. \"We worked very closely with Southeastern to lobby government and stakeholders to increase the timetable.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-verb-Fg19ubQq",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, transitive) To attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "lobbying"
},
{
"word": "lobbyist"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "labíravacʹ",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лабі́раваць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "lobíram",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "лоби́рам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yóushuì",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "遊說 /游说"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbye"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbyen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fari premon"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "faire pression sur"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "lobireba",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "ლობირება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "lobirebas uc̣evs",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "ლობირებას უწევს"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "lobirebas ec̣eva",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "ლობირებას ეწევა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "lobirebas axorcielebs",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "ლობირებას ახორციელებს"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbyieren"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbizik"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fare pressioni su"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "esercitare influenza su"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fare manovre di corridoio"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lobbować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fazer lobby"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "lobbírovatʹ",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобби́ровать"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "coitich"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "pruvari a cummìnciri"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "nzìstiri"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "mprisiari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "èssiri mprisiusu"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lobirati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "cabildear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "recabar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "hacer lobbying"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "lobíruvaty",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобі́рувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "lobijuvaty",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобіювати"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "vận động hành lang"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑ.bi/",
"note": "of Canada",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"note": "of the US",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.i/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"lobscouse",
"lobscouse#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Shortened from lobscouse.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "lobby (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Potteries English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Midlands English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 2 8 8 6 9 9 3 19 17 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 11 8 6 6 7 2 18 22 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 7 8 7 10 10 8 9 15 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rooms",
"orig": "en:Rooms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
22
]
],
"text": "My mam cooked us lobby for tea last night.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobscouse"
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-0wjRMPPd",
"links": [
[
"lobscouse",
"lobscouse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Midlands, Potteries) lobscouse"
],
"tags": [
"West-Midlands",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑ.bi/",
"note": "of Canada",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"note": "of the US",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.i/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "antilobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "antirooklobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "atoomlobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "autolobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bankenlobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "boerenlobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "homolobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hotellobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "landbouwlobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "makelaarslobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "milieulobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ondernemerslobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tabakslobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "wapenlobby"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English lobby",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobby's",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobby'tje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-'s",
"3": "-'tje"
},
"expansion": "lobby f (plural lobby's, diminutive lobby'tje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lob",
"by"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lobbyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lobbyist"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 6 3 35 35 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (entryway or reception area)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-nl-noun-5CE2xpo4",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English:_Q31948"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "nl:Politics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-nl-noun-iRaApZ19",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) lobby (class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "nl:Politics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"act of lobbying"
],
"id": "en-lobby-nl-noun-ku~XY~LS",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"lobbying",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) act of lobbying"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-lobby.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Nl-lobby.ogg/Nl-lobby.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Nl-lobby.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lobby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lob",
"by"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 2 1 12 12 0 3 0 2 2 2 2 3 0 7 7 2 0 0 8 4 0 7 12 2 3 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 3 35 35 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lobbyen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lobbyen:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-lobby-nl-verb-JZmZ3J6R",
"links": [
[
"lobbyen",
"lobbyen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 2 1 12 12 0 3 0 2 2 2 2 3 0 7 7 2 0 0 8 4 0 7 12 2 3 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 3 35 35 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lobbyen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lobbyen:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-lobby-nl-verb-sggfMQX9",
"links": [
[
"lobbyen",
"lobbyen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of lobbyen:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lobbyen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lobbyen:",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-lobby-nl-verb-JoSSLI1z",
"links": [
[
"lobbyen",
"lobbyen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-lobby.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Nl-lobby.ogg/Nl-lobby.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Nl-lobby.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:lobby"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut off\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laubą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laub\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*laubijā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"laubia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"lobby\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English lobby",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbys",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lobbies,#s"
},
"expansion": "lobby m (plural lobbies or lobbys)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French nouns with multiple plurals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Rooms",
"orig": "fr:Rooms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (hall)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-fr-noun-saNJZaXu",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French nouns with multiple plurals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Rooms",
"orig": "fr:Rooms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (advocacy group)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-fr-noun-NYJ5O02j",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "groupe de pression"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɔ.bi/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav.mp3",
"note": "Shawinigan",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-lobby.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-lobby.wav.mp3",
"note": "Somain",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-lobby.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "#"
},
"expansion": "lobby f (invariable)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lòb‧by"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lòb‧by"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lobbista"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (group of people; hall of a bank)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-it-noun-TAlbpBvO",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"invariable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.bi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "lobbistyczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "lobbystyczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "lobbing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "lobbista"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "lobbysta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "lobbować"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*lewbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_cut_off"
],
[
"*laubą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laubą#Proto-Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*laub",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laub#Proto-West_Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*-jô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-jô#Proto-Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-jō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-jō#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*laubijā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laubijā"
],
[
"laubia",
"laubia#Latin"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
],
[
"lodżia",
"lodżia#Polish"
],
[
"loggia",
"loggia#Polish"
],
[
"loża",
"loża#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":ubor",
"3": "en:lobby",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobbyubor.\nPolish lobby\n[Appendix:Glossary#unadapted_borrowing|Unadapted borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut off\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laubą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laub\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*laubijā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"laubia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"ubor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"lobby\">\nUnadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "lodżia",
"3": "loggia",
"4": "loża"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lodżia, loggia, and loża",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobbyubor.\nPolish lobby\nUnadapted borrowing from English lobby. Doublet of lodżia, loggia, and loża.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"indecl": "yes"
},
"expansion": "lobby n (indeclinable)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lob‧by"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lob‧by"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "pl:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (entryway; corridor)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-pl-noun-GgXKYIq7",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
],
[
"entryway",
"entryway#English"
],
[
"corridor",
"corridor#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "pl:Politics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "pl:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (group of people who try to lobby)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-pl-noun-Wk54Xq26",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) lobby (group of people who try to lobby)"
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.bɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.bi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbbɘ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*lewbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_cut_off"
],
[
"*laubą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laubą#Proto-Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*laub",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laub#Proto-West_Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*-jô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-jô#Proto-Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-jō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-jō#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*laubijā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laubijā"
],
[
"laubia",
"laubia#Latin"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": ":ubor",
"3": "en:lobby",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobbyubor.\nPortuguese lobby\n[Appendix:Glossary#unadapted_borrowing|Unadapted borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut off\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laubą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laub\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*laubijā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"laubia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"ubor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Portuguese\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pt\" }\" data-lang=\"pt\" data-title=\"lobby\">\nUnadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobbyubor.\nPortuguese lobby\nUnadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lobbies"
},
"expansion": "lobby m (plural lobbies)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "lóbi"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of lóbi"
],
"id": "en-lobby-pt-noun-2xaNBUeu",
"links": [
[
"lóbi",
"lóbi#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɔ.βi]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɔ.βi]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lobby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lobby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "lobby n (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gpd": "lobbyelor",
"gpi": "lobbye",
"gsd": "lobbyului",
"gsi": "lobby",
"n": "sg",
"npd": "lobbyele",
"npi": "lobbye",
"nsd": "lobbyul",
"nsi": "lobby",
"vp": "lobbyelor",
"vs": "lobbyule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 1 9 9 1 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 6 7 2 0 0 10 3 0 9 16 1 2 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 1 12 12 0 3 0 2 2 2 2 3 0 7 7 2 0 0 8 4 0 7 12 2 3 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby"
],
"id": "en-lobby-ro-noun-S13Adue5",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pal lobby"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*lewbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_cut_off"
],
[
"*laubą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laubą#Proto-Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*laub",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laub#Proto-West_Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*-jô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-jô#Proto-Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-jō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-jō#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*laubijā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laubijā"
],
[
"laubia",
"laubia#Latin"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
],
[
"lonja",
"lonja#Spanish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":ubor",
"3": "en:lobby",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobbyubor.\nSpanish lobby\n[Appendix:Glossary#unadapted_borrowing|Unadapted borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut off\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laubą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laub\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*laubijā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"laubia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"ubor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"lobby\">\nUnadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lonja"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lonja",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobbyubor.\nSpanish lobby\nUnadapted borrowing from English lobby. Doublet of lonja.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lobbies"
},
"expansion": "lobby m (plural lobbies)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobista"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "es:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (group of people who try to influence public officials)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-es-noun-W8jj9YP-",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grupo de presión"
},
{
"word": "grupo de cabildeo"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (entryway or reception area)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-es-noun-5CE2xpo4",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vestíbulo"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlobi/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlo.β̞i]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-obi"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Spanish Academy",
"Twitter"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hotellobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobbygrupp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobbying"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobbyism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobbyist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobbykampanj"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lobbyorganisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vapenlobby"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English lobby",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lobby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbys",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyerna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyernas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"g4": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lobby c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "lobby c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"3": "lobbye"
},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-r"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a lobby (entryway or reception area)"
],
"id": "en-lobby-sv-noun-IGCwkY7f",
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sv",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "sv:Politics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a lobby"
],
"id": "en-lobby-sv-noun--TCwZVK2",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) a lobby"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Dutch terms borrowed from English",
"Dutch terms derived from English",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔbi",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔbi/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antilobby"
},
{
"word": "antirooklobby"
},
{
"word": "atoomlobby"
},
{
"word": "autolobby"
},
{
"word": "bankenlobby"
},
{
"word": "boerenlobby"
},
{
"word": "homolobby"
},
{
"word": "hotellobby"
},
{
"word": "landbouwlobby"
},
{
"word": "makelaarslobby"
},
{
"word": "milieulobby"
},
{
"word": "ondernemerslobby"
},
{
"word": "tabakslobby"
},
{
"word": "wapenlobby"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English lobby",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobby's",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobby'tje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-'s",
"3": "-'tje"
},
"expansion": "lobby f (plural lobby's, diminutive lobby'tje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lob",
"by"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "lobbyen"
},
{
"word": "lobbyist"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lobby (entryway or reception area)"
],
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English:_Q31948"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nl:Politics"
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials)"
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) lobby (class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nl:Politics"
],
"glosses": [
"act of lobbying"
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"lobbying",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) act of lobbying"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-lobby.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Nl-lobby.ogg/Nl-lobby.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Nl-lobby.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔbi",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔbi/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lobby",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lob",
"by"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lobbyen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lobbyen:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"lobbyen",
"lobbyen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lobbyen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lobbyen:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"lobbyen",
"lobbyen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of lobbyen:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lobbyen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lobbyen:",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"lobbyen",
"lobbyen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-lobby.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Nl-lobby.ogg/Nl-lobby.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Nl-lobby.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (cut off)",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Etruscan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Gallurese translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Sassarese translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Rooms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gun lobby"
},
{
"word": "lobbier"
},
{
"word": "lobby card"
},
{
"word": "lobby correspondent"
},
{
"word": "lobby fodder"
},
{
"word": "Lobbygate"
},
{
"word": "lobby group"
},
{
"word": "lobbyism"
},
{
"word": "lobbyist"
},
{
"word": "lobbylike"
},
{
"word": "lobbyman"
},
{
"word": "on lobby terms"
},
{
"word": "sky lobby"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lobbi",
"word": "լոբբի"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Lobby"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "robī",
"word": "ロビー"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "robi",
"word": "로비"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lobi",
"word": "лоби"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lóbi"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"unadapted spelling"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lóbbi",
"word": "ло́бби"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "лоби"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobi"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*lewbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_cut_off"
],
[
"*laubą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laubą#Proto-Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*laub",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laub#Proto-West_Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*-jô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-jô#Proto-Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-jō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-jō#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*laubijā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laubijā"
],
[
"laubia",
"laubia#Latin"
],
[
"lobia",
"lobia#Latin"
],
[
"lobium",
"lobium#Latin"
],
[
"laubia",
"laubia#Latin"
],
[
"*laubijā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laubijā"
],
[
"lēaf",
"leaf#Old_English"
],
[
"leaf",
"leaf#English"
],
[
"leaf",
"leaf#English"
],
[
"lodge",
"lodge#English"
],
[
"loggia",
"loggia#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la-med:laubia",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobby\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut off\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laubą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laub\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*laubijā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"laubia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"lobby\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "lobia"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin lobia",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*laubijā",
"t": "arbour, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēaf",
"t": "foliage"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēaf (“foliage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leaf",
"3": "lodge",
"4": "loggia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of leaf, lodge, and loggia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobby\nFrom Medieval Latin lobia, lobium, laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”), borrowed from Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”), related to Old English lēaf (“foliage”). More at leaf. Doublet of leaf, lodge, and loggia.\nPolitical sense derives from the entrance hall of legislatures, where people traditionally tried to influence legislators because it was the most convenient place to meet them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lobby (plural lobbies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"text": "I had to wait in the lobby for hours before seeing the doctor.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An entryway or reception area; vestibule; passageway; corridor."
],
"links": [
[
"entryway",
"entryway"
],
[
"reception",
"reception"
],
[
"vestibule",
"vestibule"
],
[
"passageway",
"passageway"
],
[
"corridor",
"corridor"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q31948"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q31948"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That part of a hall of legislation not appropriated to the official use of the assembly."
],
"links": [
[
"assembly",
"assembly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Politics"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonym: special interest"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
34
]
],
"text": "The influence of the tobacco lobby has decreased considerably in the US.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials; collectively, lobbyists."
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"interest",
"interest"
],
[
"influence",
"influence"
],
[
"public official",
"public official"
],
[
"lobbyists",
"lobbyists"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) A class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials; collectively, lobbyists."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "special interest"
}
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A virtual area where meeting attendees can await admittance from an authorized person."
],
"links": [
[
"virtual",
"virtual"
],
[
"meeting",
"meeting"
],
[
"attendee",
"attendee"
],
[
"admittance",
"admittance"
],
[
"authorized",
"authorized"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(videoconferencing) A virtual area where meeting attendees can await admittance from an authorized person."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Video games"
],
"glosses": [
"A virtual area where players can chat and find opponents for a game."
],
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
],
[
"virtual",
"virtual"
],
[
"player",
"player"
],
[
"chat",
"chat"
],
[
"opponent",
"opponent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(video games) A virtual area where players can chat and find opponents for a game."
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"cabin",
"cabin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonyms: cowyard, paddock"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A confined place for cattle, formed by hedges, trees, or other fencing, near the farmyard."
],
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"farmyard",
"farmyard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cowyard"
},
{
"word": "paddock"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A margin along either side of the playing field in the sport of kabaddi."
],
"links": [
[
"margin",
"margin"
],
[
"playing field",
"playing field"
],
[
"kabaddi",
"kabaddi"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Charles R. \"Butch\" Farabee Jr., Death, Daring, and Disaster (page 135)",
"text": "Ranger Leslie Thompson, assigned to elevator duty, brought the elevator to the surface about 12:30 to bring down the tourists who were in the lobby of the elevator tower at that time."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A waiting area in front of a bank of elevators."
],
"links": [
[
"bank",
"bank"
],
[
"elevators",
"elevator"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑ.bi/",
"note": "of Canada",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"note": "of the US",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.i/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "radha",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رَدْهَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "naxasrah",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "նախասրահ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "kalidór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "калідо́р"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "vjestybjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестыбю́ль"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "fajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фае́"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pjeradpakój",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "перадпако́й"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "preddvérie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "преддве́рие"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "foajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фоайе́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vestibjul",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестибюл"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbul"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "avantsala"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "méntīng",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "門廳 /门厅"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "xiūxishì",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "休息室"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "dàtīng",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "大廳 /大厅"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "předsíň"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "vestiblo"
},
{
"code": "ett",
"lang": "Etruscan",
"lang_code": "ett",
"roman": "atrium",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌌"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "aula"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "halli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "eteinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "eteisaula"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestibule"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hall"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"lang_code": "sdn",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"lang_code": "sdn",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "intrata"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "poie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "ფოიე"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lobby"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Foyer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorraum"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorhalle"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לוֹבִּי"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anddyri"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "forstofa"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forsalur"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fordyri"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "forbyrgi"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forhalla"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atrio"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "robī",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "ロビー"
},
{
"alt": "きゅうそくじょ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kyūsokujo",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "休息所"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "robi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "로비"
},
{
"alt": "休憩所",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "hyugeso",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "휴게소"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "predvórie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предво́рие"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "prédvorje",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пре́дворје"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "foajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фоаје́"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "roro"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "sarsarâ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "سرسرا"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gank"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "korytarz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "westybul"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hol"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hall"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przedpokój"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sień"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przedsionek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "saguão"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbulo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "átrio"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "koridór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коридо́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vestibjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестибю́ль"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "fojjé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фойе́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "xoll",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "холл"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "prixóžaja",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прихо́жая"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"Logudorese",
"masculine"
],
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"lang_code": "sdc",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eadar-sheòmar"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "for-sheòmar"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "predsieň"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "loby"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbulo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "recibidor"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zaguán"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atrio"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "Southern Cone",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translation": "Southern Cone",
"word": "palier"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "dalan"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "dehliz, dihliz",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "دهلیز"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "korydór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коридо́р"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vestybjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестибю́ль"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "fojjé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фойє́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "xol",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хол"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "peredpókij",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "передпо́кій"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "hành lang"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "phòng chờ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "phòng đợi"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "tiền sảnh"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "đại sảnh"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "lobbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "լոբբի"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бі"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́би"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yóushuì jítuán",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "遊說集團 /游说集团"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "lobbarilauma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lobby"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "shdula",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "שְׁדֻלָּה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לוֹבִּי"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "lobbi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "robī",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "ロビー"
},
{
"alt": "あつりょくだんたい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "atsuryoku dantai",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "圧力団体"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "robi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "로비"
},
{
"alt": "壓力團體",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "amnyeokdanche",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "압력단체"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́би"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lóbi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "lóbbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бби"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "лоби"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "loby"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grupo de presión"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grupo de cabildeo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grupo cabildero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "camarilla"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бі"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (cut off)",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Etruscan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Gallurese translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Sassarese translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Rooms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lobby out"
},
{
"word": "lobby up"
},
{
"word": "nonlobbying"
},
{
"word": "unlobbied"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lobbyen"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*lewbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_cut_off"
],
[
"*laubą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laubą#Proto-Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*laub",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laub#Proto-West_Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*-jô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-jô#Proto-Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-jō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-jō#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*laubijā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laubijā"
],
[
"laubia",
"laubia#Latin"
],
[
"lobia",
"lobia#Latin"
],
[
"lobium",
"lobium#Latin"
],
[
"laubia",
"laubia#Latin"
],
[
"*laubijā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laubijā"
],
[
"lēaf",
"leaf#Old_English"
],
[
"leaf",
"leaf#English"
],
[
"leaf",
"leaf#English"
],
[
"lodge",
"lodge#English"
],
[
"loggia",
"loggia#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la-med:laubia",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobby\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut off\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laubą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laub\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*laubijā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"laubia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"lobby\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "lobia"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin lobia",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*laubijā",
"t": "arbour, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēaf",
"t": "foliage"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēaf (“foliage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leaf",
"3": "lodge",
"4": "loggia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of leaf, lodge, and loggia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobby\nFrom Medieval Latin lobia, lobium, laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”), borrowed from Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”), related to Old English lēaf (“foliage”). More at leaf. Doublet of leaf, lodge, and loggia.\nPolitical sense derives from the entrance hall of legislatures, where people traditionally tried to influence legislators because it was the most convenient place to meet them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbied",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lobby (third-person singular simple present lobbies, present participle lobbying, simple past and past participle lobbied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "lobbying"
},
{
"word": "lobbyist"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
50
]
],
"text": "For years, pro-life groups have continued to lobby hard for restrictions on abortion.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "2002, Jim Hightower, in Wikiquote\nThe corporations don't have to lobby the government anymore. They are the government."
},
{
"ref": "2011 Allen Gregory, \"Pilot\" (season 1, episode 1)",
"text": "Allen Gregory DeLongpre: Yeah, it's not a big deal. I lobbied for fuel-cell technology on Capitol Hill. I'm friends with Sandy Bullock, really good friends. Who cares? It's not a pissing contest, right, J?"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
125,
130
]
],
"ref": "2013 August 10, Schumpeter, “Cronies and capitols”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:",
"text": "Policing the relationship between government and business in a free society is difficult. Businesspeople have every right to lobby governments, and civil servants to take jobs in the private sector.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
215,
220
]
],
"ref": "2024 January 24, Dyan Perry talks to Nick Brodrick, “The industry has given me so much”, in RAIL, number 1001, page 45:",
"text": "\"We're still at only 80% [of pre-pandemic passenger numbers], but it's great news that Southeastern put some more trains in the timetable from December,\" Perry explains. \"We worked very closely with Southeastern to lobby government and stakeholders to increase the timetable.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, transitive) To attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑ.bi/",
"note": "of Canada",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"note": "of the US",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.i/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "labíravacʹ",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лабі́раваць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "lobíram",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "лоби́рам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yóushuì",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "遊說 /游说"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbye"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbyen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fari premon"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "faire pression sur"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "lobireba",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "ლობირება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "lobirebas uc̣evs",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "ლობირებას უწევს"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "lobirebas ec̣eva",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "ლობირებას ეწევა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "lobirebas axorcielebs",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "ლობირებას ახორციელებს"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbyieren"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbizik"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fare pressioni su"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "esercitare influenza su"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fare manovre di corridoio"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lobbować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fazer lobby"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "lobbírovatʹ",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобби́ровать"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "coitich"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "pruvari a cummìnciri"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "nzìstiri"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "mprisiari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "èssiri mprisiusu"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lobirati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "cabildear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "recabar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "hacer lobbying"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "lobíruvaty",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобі́рувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "lobijuvaty",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобіювати"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "vận động hành lang"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Rooms"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"lobscouse",
"lobscouse#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Shortened from lobscouse.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "lobby (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"Potteries English",
"West Midlands English"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
22
]
],
"text": "My mam cooked us lobby for tea last night.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobscouse"
],
"links": [
[
"lobscouse",
"lobscouse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Midlands, Potteries) lobscouse"
],
"tags": [
"West-Midlands",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɑ.bi/",
"note": "of Canada",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"note": "of the US",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.i/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒb.i/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French nouns with multiple plurals",
"French terms borrowed from English",
"French terms derived from English",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (cut off)",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"fr:Rooms"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:lobby"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut off\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laubą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laub\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*laubijā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"laubia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"lobby\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English lobby",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbys",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lobbies,#s"
},
"expansion": "lobby m (plural lobbies or lobbys)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lobby (hall)"
],
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lobby (advocacy group)"
],
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "groupe de pression"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɔ.bi/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav.mp3",
"note": "Shawinigan",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-lobby.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-lobby.wav.mp3",
"note": "Somain",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-lobby.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lobbista"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "#"
},
"expansion": "lobby f (invariable)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lòb‧by"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lòb‧by"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian indeclinable nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms borrowed from English",
"Italian terms derived from English",
"Italian terms spelled with Y",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian unadapted borrowings from English",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɔbbi",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɔbbi/2 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (group of people; hall of a bank)"
],
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"invariable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.bi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish doublets",
"Polish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish neuter nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Frankish",
"Polish terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (cut off)",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish unadapted borrowings from English",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔbbi",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔbbi/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔbbɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔbbɘ/2 syllables",
"pl:Collectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "lobbistyczny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "lobbystyczny"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "lobbing"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "lobbista"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "lobbysta"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "lobbować"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*lewbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_cut_off"
],
[
"*laubą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laubą#Proto-Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*laub",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laub#Proto-West_Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*-jô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-jô#Proto-Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-jō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-jō#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*laubijā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laubijā"
],
[
"laubia",
"laubia#Latin"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
],
[
"lodżia",
"lodżia#Polish"
],
[
"loggia",
"loggia#Polish"
],
[
"loża",
"loża#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":ubor",
"3": "en:lobby",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobbyubor.\nPolish lobby\n[Appendix:Glossary#unadapted_borrowing|Unadapted borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut off\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laubą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laub\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*laubijā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"laubia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"ubor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"lobby\">\nUnadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "lodżia",
"3": "loggia",
"4": "loża"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lodżia, loggia, and loża",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobbyubor.\nPolish lobby\nUnadapted borrowing from English lobby. Doublet of lodżia, loggia, and loża.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"indecl": "yes"
},
"expansion": "lobby n (indeclinable)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lob‧by"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lob‧by"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lobby (entryway; corridor)"
],
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
],
[
"entryway",
"entryway#English"
],
[
"corridor",
"corridor#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Politics"
],
"glosses": [
"lobby (group of people who try to lobby)"
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) lobby (group of people who try to lobby)"
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.bɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔb.bi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbbɘ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔbbi"
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*lewbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_cut_off"
],
[
"*laubą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laubą#Proto-Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*laub",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laub#Proto-West_Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*-jô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-jô#Proto-Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-jō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-jō#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*laubijā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laubijā"
],
[
"laubia",
"laubia#Latin"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": ":ubor",
"3": "en:lobby",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobbyubor.\nPortuguese lobby\n[Appendix:Glossary#unadapted_borrowing|Unadapted borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut off\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laubą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laub\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*laubijā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"laubia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"ubor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Portuguese\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pt\" }\" data-lang=\"pt\" data-title=\"lobby\">\nUnadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobbyubor.\nPortuguese lobby\nUnadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lobbies"
},
"expansion": "lobby m (plural lobbies)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "lóbi"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"Portuguese entries with etymology texts",
"Portuguese entries with etymology trees",
"Portuguese entries with etymon",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from English",
"Portuguese terms derived from English",
"Portuguese terms derived from Frankish",
"Portuguese terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Portuguese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (cut off)",
"Portuguese terms spelled with Y",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese unadapted borrowings from English"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of lóbi"
],
"links": [
[
"lóbi",
"lóbi#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɔ.βi]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɔ.βi]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔ.bi/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lobby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lobby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "lobby n (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gpd": "lobbyelor",
"gpi": "lobbye",
"gsd": "lobbyului",
"gsi": "lobby",
"n": "sg",
"npd": "lobbyele",
"npi": "lobbye",
"nsd": "lobbyul",
"nsi": "lobby",
"vp": "lobbyelor",
"vs": "lobbyule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from English",
"Romanian terms derived from English",
"Romanian terms spelled with Y",
"Romanian unadapted borrowings from English",
"Romanian uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"lobby"
],
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Spanish/obi",
"Rhymes:Spanish/obi/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish doublets",
"Spanish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"Spanish entries with etymology trees",
"Spanish entries with etymon",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from English",
"Spanish terms derived from English",
"Spanish terms derived from Frankish",
"Spanish terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Spanish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (cut off)",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish unadapted borrowings from English",
"es:Collectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pal lobby"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*lewbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_cut_off"
],
[
"*laubą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laubą#Proto-Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*laub",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laub#Proto-West_Germanic:_leaf"
],
[
"*-jô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-jô#Proto-Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-jō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-jō#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*laubijā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laubijā"
],
[
"laubia",
"laubia#Latin"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
],
[
"lonja",
"lonja#Spanish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":ubor",
"3": "en:lobby",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobbyubor.\nSpanish lobby\n[Appendix:Glossary#unadapted_borrowing|Unadapted borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"leaf\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"cut off\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laubą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laub\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*laubijā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"laubia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"ubor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"lobby\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"lobby\">\nUnadapted borrowing from English lobby.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lonja"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lonja",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.?\nProto-Germanic *laubą\nProto-West Germanic *laub\nProto-Germanic *-jô\nProto-West Germanic *-jō\nFrankish *laubijābor.\nMedieval Latin laubiabor.\nEnglish lobbyubor.\nSpanish lobby\nUnadapted borrowing from English lobby. Doublet of lonja.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lobbies"
},
"expansion": "lobby m (plural lobbies)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "lobista"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lobby (group of people who try to influence public officials)"
],
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grupo de presión"
},
{
"word": "grupo de cabildeo"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lobby (entryway or reception area)"
],
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vestíbulo"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlobi/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlo.β̞i]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-obi"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Spanish Academy",
"Twitter"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms borrowed from English",
"Swedish terms derived from English"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hotellobby"
},
{
"word": "lobbygrupp"
},
{
"word": "lobbying"
},
{
"word": "lobbyism"
},
{
"word": "lobbyist"
},
{
"word": "lobbykampanj"
},
{
"word": "lobbyorganisation"
},
{
"word": "vapenlobby"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "en",
"3": "lobby"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English lobby",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English lobby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lobby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbys",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyerna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbyernas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"g4": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lobby c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "lobby c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"3": "lobbye"
},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-r"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a lobby (entryway or reception area)"
],
"links": [
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sv:Politics"
],
"glosses": [
"a lobby"
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"lobby",
"lobby#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) a lobby"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"word": "lobby"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lobby meaning in All languages combined (77.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: videoconferencing",
"path": [
"lobby"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "lobby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: videoconferencing",
"path": [
"lobby"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "lobby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: West Midlands, Potteries",
"path": [
"lobby"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "lobby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: West Midlands, Potteries",
"path": [
"lobby"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "lobby",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.